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Honolulu is pictured here beside a calm sea in 2017. A JPL technology recently detected and confirmed a tsunami up to 45 minutes prior to detection by tide gauges in Hawaii, and it estimated the speed of the wave to be over 580 miles per hour (260 meters per second) near the coast. NASA/JPL-Caltech
14 Sep 2025

GUARDIAN - new experimental tech from NASA discovers earthquakes faster

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In the quiet hours before dawn on July 29th, a massive earthquake rumbled beneath the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. The sea stirred ominously, and a tsunami began its silent sprint across the Pacific. But this time, something extraordinary happened—not beneath the waves, but far above them.

High in the ionosphere, a whisper of disturbance rippled through the charged particles of Earth’s upper atmosphere. It wasn’t the ocean that first spoke—it was the sky. And NASA’s experimental technology, GUARDIAN (GNSS Upper Atmospheric Real-time Disaster Information and Alert Network), was listening.

 

A New Kind of Sentinel

Just one day before the quake, scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory had activated two critical components of GUARDIAN: an AI trained to detect atmospheric anomalies and a prototype messaging system to alert experts. When the tsunami’s pressure waves surged upward, GUARDIAN caught the signal—distortions in GPS and GNSS satellite transmissions caused by the rising and falling ocean surface.

Within 20 minutes of the quake, GUARDIAN flagged the signs. Thirty to forty minutes before the waves reached Hawaii, experts were already notified. Traditional tide gauges would have taken longer. 

GUARDIAN had proven it could see the invisible, hear the inaudible, and warn the world before the water arrived.

 

Global Eyes, Local Impact

Unlike deep-ocean pressure sensors, which are sparse and expensive, GUARDIAN uses a vast network of over 350 GNSS ground stations. It can detect tsunami signals up to 1,200 kilometers away from any station, offering vulnerable coastal communities as much as 80 minutes to evacuate. That’s not just data—it’s time. And time saves lives.

Bill Fry of the UN’s tsunami warning group called it a “paradigm shift.” Christopher Moore of NOAA said it “fills the gaps” in current systems. And Adrienne Moseley from Australia’s warning center emphasized its global potential: “Tsunamis don’t respect national boundaries. We need to share data across regions to protect everyone”.

 

The Future of Tsunami Detection

GUARDIAN doesn’t care what causes the wave—earthquake, volcano, landslide, or freak weather. It simply listens for the atmospheric signature and alerts the experts. It’s not a silver bullet, but it’s a powerful new tool in humanity’s arsenal against one of nature’s most unpredictable threats.

As the Pacific slept, GUARDIAN watched. And when the sea rose, the sky spoke—and someone was there to hear it.

You can explore more about GUARDIAN on NASA’s official page.

 

Photo Credit: Honolulu is pictured here beside a calm sea in 2017. A JPL technology recently detected and confirmed a tsunami up to 45 minutes prior to detection by tide gauges in Hawaii, and it estimated the speed of the wave to be over 580 miles per hour (260 meters per second) near the coast.

NASA/JPL-Caltech