Study finds flame retardants in Lithium-Ion battery cases lack proven fire safety benefits
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A recent study published in Environmental Science & Technology reveals that flame retardants commonly used in lithium-ion battery enclosures do not offer proven fire safety benefits. Conducted by the Green Science Policy Institute, the research warns that these chemicals may pose serious health risks without effectively preventing or slowing battery fires.
Key Findings from the Study
The study highlights the widespread use of flame retardants in plastics surrounding lithium-ion batteries, which are used in electric vehicles, e-bikes, and personal electronics. These chemicals, including organohalogens and organophosphates, are linked to cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. The research found no public evidence that flame retardants effectively reduce the risk of battery fires caused by thermal runaway.
Lead Author's Perspective: Lydia Jahl, a scientist at the Green Science Policy Institute and lead author of the study, stated: “The use of flame retardants in plastic battery enclosures has no demonstrated benefit and poses threats that can last generations.”
Expert Opinions
Fire safety expert Vyto Babrauskas criticized the practice, comparing it to an ineffective solution: “Trying to stop thermal runaway fires by adding flame retardants to plastic is like adding a screen door to a submarine. It’s a futile effort against an overwhelming force.”
Health Risks
The study warns that exposure to flame retardants can occur during battery production, product use, and recycling. These chemicals can migrate into household dust, potentially affecting vulnerable populations such as young children and pregnant women. Historical cases, such as a former California furniture flammability standard, demonstrated health risks without improving fire safety.
Alternative Fire Safety Strategies
The researchers suggest that improving battery management systems and preventing the use of defective batteries would be more effective in reducing fire risks. Arlene Blum, co-author and executive director of the Green Science Policy Institute, emphasized: “The best solution for both public health and fire safety is to prevent battery fires from occurring in the first place.”
The study recommends industry-wide measures such as stricter quality controls on battery manufacturing and improved thermal management systems as better alternatives to the use of flame retardants.
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